CJEU Kamekris: extradition of an EU citizen to a third State after another Member State refused

On a reference from the investigating chamber of the Montpellier Court of Appeal, the Court of Justice (Third Chamber) ruled on 19 June 2025 in the urgent procedure on the extradition to Georgia of a Union citizen whose extradition Belgium had already refused because of a serious risk of breach of Articles 19(2) and 47(2) of the Charter. A Union citizen who has moved to another Member State falls within Articles 18 and 21 TFEU, so the requested State implements EU law and must assess, on objective, reliable, specific and updated information, whether extradition would expose the person to torture, inhuman treatment or a denial of a fair trial. Articles 67(3) and 82(1) TFEU do not oblige a Member State to recognise another Member State's refusal, but mutual trust requires the requested authority to take due account of the reasons for that earlier refusal in its own assessment.